Reference

Capture individual references in a <ref> element.

Each <ref> element must have an @id attribute containing the unique identifier for the reference.

If the reference item is labeled in the source then the relevant <ref> element must contain a child <label>.

The content of the reference must be captured inside an <element-citation> with the content marked up into the relevant child elements.

Note: The <xref> (see Cross-References) for alphabetical references must only cover the year in the text, not the author name as well.

Note: Ensure that page identifiers are correctly marked as either <fpage> or <elocation-id>. Typically if the page identifier is 6 digits use <elocation-id> otherwise use <fpage>.

Journal Article Reference

<ref id="fdrace37cbib1">
  <element-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Anderson</surname>
        <given-names>P D</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Galaktionov</surname>
        <given-names>O S</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Peters</surname>
        <given-names>G W M</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>van de Vosse</surname>
        <given-names>F N</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Meijer</surname>
        <given-names>H E</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2000a</year>
    <article-title>Mixing of non-newtonian fluids in time-periodic cavity
  flows</article-title>
    <source>J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech.</source>
    <volume>93</volume>
    <fpage>265</fpage>
    <lpage>86</lpage>
    <page-range>265–86</page-range>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Journal Article (with Preprint) Reference

<ref id="ajac96e8bib63">
  <element-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Yu</surname>
        <given-names>N.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Ho</surname>
        <given-names>L. C.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Wang</surname>
        <given-names>J.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Li</surname>
        <given-names>H.</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2022</year>
    <source>ApJ</source>
    <volume>261</volume>
    <fpage>21</fpage>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="ads">2022ApJS..261...21Y</pub-id>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3847/1538-4365/ac626b</pub-id>
    <comment>(arXiv:<ext-link ext-link-type="arxiv" xlink:href="http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.13404">2203.13404</ext-link>)</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Unpublished Journal Article Reference

<ref id="cqgac8863bib35">
  <label>KM22</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Kehrberger</surname>
        <given-names>L M A</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Masaood</surname>
        <given-names>H</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2022</year>
    <article-title>The case against smooth null infinity: IV. Early-time
  asymptotics for linearised gravity around Schwarzschild (working
  title)</article-title>
    <comment>(unpublished)</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Book Reference

<ref id="fdrace37cbib3">
  <element-citation publication-type="book">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Ayachit</surname>
        <given-names>U</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2015</year>
    <source>The Paraview Guide: A Parallel Visualization Application</source>
    <publisher-name>Kitware</publisher-name>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Book (with Editors) Reference

<ref id="erclac6e7dbib144">
  <element-citation publication-type="book">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>James</surname>
        <given-names>R A</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Jones</surname>
        <given-names>R G</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Boyd</surname>
        <given-names>E</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Young</surname>
        <given-names>H R</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Otto</surname>
        <given-names>F E L</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Huggel</surname>
        <given-names>C</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Fuglestvedt</surname>
        <given-names>J S</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2019</year>
    <chapter-title>Attribution: how is it relevant for loss and damage policy and
  practice?</chapter-title>
    <source>Loss and Damage from Climate Change: Concepts, Methods and Policy
  Options</source>
    <person-group person-group-type="editor">
      <name>
        <surname>Mechler</surname>
        <given-names>R</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Bouwer</surname>
        <given-names>L M</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Schinko</surname>
        <given-names>T</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Surminski</surname>
        <given-names>S</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Linnerooth-Bayer</surname>
        <given-names>J</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <publisher-loc>Cham</publisher-loc>
    <publisher-name>Springer International Publishing</publisher-name>
    <fpage>113</fpage>
    <lpage>54</lpage>
    <page-range>113–54</page-range>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_5</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Book (Editor in Author Position) Reference

<ref id="mafaa8d0dbib16">
  <label>16</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="book">
    <person-group person-group-type="editor">
      <name>
        <surname>Kobayashi</surname>
        <given-names>C</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>1996</year>
    <source>J-Aggregates</source>
    <publisher-loc>Singapore</publisher-loc>
    <publisher-name>World Scientific</publisher-name>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1142/3168</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Book in a Series Reference

<ref id="mafaa8d0dbib100">
  <label>100</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="book">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Tolmachev</surname>
        <given-names>A I</given-names>
      </name>
      <etal/>
    </person-group>
    <year>1998</year>
    <article-title>New cyanine dyes absorbing in the NIR region</article-title>
    <source>Near-Infrared Dyes for High Technology Applications</source>
    <series>NATO ASI Ser. 3</series>
    <person-group person-group-type="editor">
      <name>
        <surname>Dähne</surname>
        <given-names>U R-G S</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Wolfbeis</surname>
        <given-names>O S</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <volume>vol 52</volume>
    <publisher-loc>Dordrecht</publisher-loc>
    <publisher-name>Kluwer Academic</publisher-name>
    <fpage>385</fpage>
    <lpage>415</lpage>
    <page-range>pp 385–415</page-range>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-94-011-5102-3_19</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Book Still in Print Reference

<ref id="jstatacbe9abib30">
  <label>30</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="book">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Shiraishi</surname>
        <given-names>N</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <source>An Introduction to Stochastic Thermodynamics: From Basics to
  Advanced</source>
    <publisher-loc>Berlin</publisher-loc>
    <publisher-name>Springer</publisher-name>
    <comment>at press</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Conference Proceeding Reference

<ref id="jpenergyacc892bib14">
  <label>14</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="confproc">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Gao</surname>
        <given-names>Q</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Lau</surname>
        <given-names>C F J</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Lee</surname>
        <given-names>E</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Monokroussos</surname>
        <given-names>C</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2019</year>
    <article-title>Test method of current-voltage characterisation of perovskite PV
  module</article-title>
    <conf-name>36th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. and Exhibition</conf-name>
    <conf-loc>Marseille</conf-loc>
    <fpage>866</fpage>
    <lpage>73</lpage>
    <page-range>866–73</page-range>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4229/EUPVSEC20192019-4CO.1.6</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Webpage Reference

<ref id="jpenergyacc892bib3">
  <label>3</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <collab>EPFL New world records: perovskite-on-silicon-tandem
    solar cells</collab>
    </person-group>
    <comment> (available at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://actu.epfl.ch/news/new-world-records-perovskite-on-silicon-tandem-sol/">https://actu.epfl.ch/news/new-world-records-perovskite-on-silicon-tandem-sol/</ext-link>
  ) </comment>
    <comment>(Accessed 2022)</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Patent Reference

<ref id="mafaa8d0dbib221">
  <label>221</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="patent">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Walker</surname>
        <given-names>B J</given-names>
      </name>
      <etal/>
    </person-group>
    <year>2013</year>
    <article-title>Color selective photodetector and methods of making <italic>US Patent
  Specification</italic>
  </article-title>
    <patent country="us">8399939</patent>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Report Reference

<ref id="erclac6e7dbib325">
  <element-citation publication-type="report">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <collab>WWF Australia</collab>
    </person-group>
    <year>2020</year>
    <article-title>Australia’s 2019–2020 bushfires: the wildlife
  toll—WWF-Australia—WWF-Australia</article-title>
    <comment>available at: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.wwf.org.au/what-we-do/bushfire-recovery/in-depth/resources/australia-s-2019-2020-bushfires-the-wildlife-toll#gs.2a0x3v">www.wwf.org.au/what-we-do/bushfire-recovery/in-depth/resources/australia-s-2019-2020-bushfires-the-wildlife-toll#gs.2a0x3v</ext-link>
  </comment>
    <comment>(Accessed 1 June 2021)</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Preprint Reference

<ref id="cqgac8863bib44">
  <label>MZ21a</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="preprint">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Ma</surname>
        <given-names>S</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Zhang</surname>
        <given-names>L</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2021</year>
    <article-title>Price’s law for spin fields on a Schwarzschild
  background</article-title>
    <comment>(arXiv:<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13809">2104.13809</ext-link>)</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Other Reference

<ref id="erclac6e7dbib323">
  <element-citation publication-type="other">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <collab>World Weather Attribution</collab>
    </person-group>
    <year>2021b</year>
    <article-title>Factors other than climate change are the main drivers of recent
  food insecurity in Southern Madagascar</article-title>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Thesis Reference Example

<ref id="apjac5970bib12">
  <element-citation publication-type="thesis">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Bosma</surname>
        <given-names>A.</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>1978</year>
    <source>PhD thesis</source>
    <institution>Groningen Univ.</institution>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="other" specific-use="ads">1978PhDT.......195B</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Private Communication Reference

<ref id="aacef0bbib45">
  <label>45</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="communication">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>De Masi</surname>
        <given-names>A</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2017</year>
    <comment>private communication</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Software Reference

<ref id="apjacd558bib39">
  <element-citation publication-type="software">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Kerzendorf</surname>
        <given-names>W.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Sim</surname>
        <given-names>S.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Vogl</surname>
        <given-names>C.</given-names>
      </name>
      <etal/>
    </person-group>
    <year>2023</year>
    <article-title>tardis-sn/tardis: TARDIS v2023.01.11</article-title>
    <source>Zenodo</source>
    <comment>
      <ext-link xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7525913" ext-link-type="uri">10.5281/zenodo.7525913</ext-link>
    </comment>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.7525913</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Data Example Reference

<ref id="apjacd558bib59">
  <element-citation publication-type="data">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <collab>NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED)</collab>
    </person-group>
    <year>2019</year>
    <source>NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), IPAC</source>
    <comment>doi:<ext-link xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.26132/NED1" ext-link-type="uri">10.26132/NED1</ext-link>
  </comment>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26132/NED1</pub-id>
  </element-citation>
</ref>

Translated Reference (Two references under single label)

<ref id="nonace1cdbib40">
  <label>ZS-01</label>
  <element-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Zhiber</surname>
        <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Sokolov</surname>
        <given-names>V V</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2001</year>
    <article-title>Exactly integrable hyperbolic equations of Liouville
  type</article-title>
    <source>Usp. Mat. Nauk</source>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <fpage>63</fpage>
    <lpage>106</lpage>
    <page-range>63–106</page-range>
    <comment>(Russian)</comment>
  </element-citation>
  <element-citation publication-type="journal">
    <person-group person-group-type="author">
      <name>
        <surname>Zhiber</surname>
        <given-names>A V</given-names>
      </name>
      <name>
        <surname>Sokolov</surname>
        <given-names>V V</given-names>
      </name>
    </person-group>
    <year>2001</year>
    <article-title>Exactly integrable hyperbolic equations of Liouville
  type</article-title>
    <source>Russ. Math. Surv.</source>
    <volume>56</volume>
    <fpage>61</fpage>
    <lpage>101</lpage>
    <page-range>61–101</page-range>
    <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1070/RM2001v056n01ABEH000357</pub-id>
    <comment>(Engl. transl.)</comment>
  </element-citation>
</ref>